We are in a verse by verse study of the book of Romans and got through verses 1 -3 with the expanded translation:
v1 "Paul, a slave of Christ Jesus, called an apostle, through having been appointed because of the Gospel from God."
v2 Which (This Gospel) He (God) promised in advance through His prophets in the Holy Scriptures or writings"
v3 Concerning His (God's) Son who was born from the seed of David according to the flesh.
Last time we were looking at the doctrine of the Royalty of Christ. We noted that Jesus Christ has three categories of Royalty and therefore three Royal Families.
The first category is the product of His eternal and infinite being as God, He bears the royalty of His deity.
The second category of royalty is the product of His true humanity, that is the result of His virgin birth and His incarnation in His First Advent in the line of David per the Davidic Covenant.
His third category of royalty is the product of the royalty of His Hypostatic Union and His strategic victory over satan during His first Advent. His Hypostatic Union Royal Family is the Church.
We noted that there is a complete disconnect from Israel in His hypostatic union royalty. In His hypostatic union Jesus Christ is a king-priest. The royal priesthood is formed in the dispensation of the Church Age and every Church Age believer is a royal priest, 1 Pet 2:5,9; Rev 1:6.
This is a royal family that is not born into a royal line it is a family that is "born again" into a royal line. His hypostatic union royal family does not come from physical birth it comes from the new spiritual birth that creates the new spiritual species that comprises the church.
Church Age believers have the same royal life to fulfill the royal law as our Lord Jesus Christ had on the Cross to fulfill the royal law (Jam 2:8). The royal high priesthood of Jesus Christ is confirmed in Heb 5:5-6; Heb 6:19-20; Heb 7:15-28;
His hypostatic union royalty title is "King over kings, Lord over Lords; the Bright Morning Star." "King over kings" gives Christ precedence over human rulers; "Lord over lords" gives Christ precedence over angelic rulers, Rev 17:14; 19:16; Rev 22:17.
His royal title "The Logos" is based on our Lord's decision to come into the world and provide eternal salvation. This was an unknown title until it was recorded in the word of God. John 1:1;
This brings us back to Rom 1:3; Concerning His (God's) Son who was born from the seed of David according to the flesh aka his humanity..
In our discussion of our Lord's Royalty we have sufficiently noted the doctrines of the Davidic Covenant and the Hypostatic Union so we will continue on with Rom 1:4;
"Who was declared." Is translated from the article "tou "and the aorist passive participle of "horizo" that means to mark out, to define, to determine, to designate, appoint or set boundaries.
Here it means to be "appointed" or "designated" by God's decree. The constantive aorist tense takes the action of the verb and gathers it up into one entirety.
In eternity, God's decree, takes the virgin birth, the hypostatic union, Jesus' death, burial and resurrection and all of the causes, conditions, successions and relations that are necessary for the first advent, and gathers them all up into one entirety when God decreed it in eternity past.
The reality of all of these things is decreed in eternity and that is why they occur in time. Time and eternity will eventually be conformed. Phil 3:21;
Rom 1:4; ;The passive voice: Christ receives the action of the verb from God's decree of eternity past. The participle is circumstantial and is translated with the definite article as a relative clause. It should be translated, "Who was marked out or designated in eternity past by God's decree."
It is interesting to note that this is the same concept that describes our situation as Church Age believers. All of the causes, conditions, successions and relations of our life are decreed by God in eternity. Eph 1:3-6;
Again what exists in eternity must eventually exist in time.
Rom 1:4; "Son" is translated from the objective genitive of "huios", refers to the fact that Jesus Christ accepted the authority of God the Father in eternity past when He decreed that Jesus would become human.
Then the descriptive genitive of "Theos" translated " of God." This is the title for the deity of the Lord Jesus Christ in the hypostatic union. The deity of Christ apart from the hypostatic union has the title from the tetragrammaton "YHWH" in the Hebrew that is translated "Jehovah"
The noun "huios" tells us that in the first advent Christ subordinated Himself to the authority of God the Father in providing for us the so great salvation we enjoy. The noun "Theos" indicates that Christ is God, co-equal with the Father and with the Holy Spirit.
We previously noted the doctrine of Divine Essence that describes this equality in the Godhead.
"with power" is translated from the preposition "en" plus "dynamis" the instrumental of supernatural) power. This is not the power of the direct work of Jesus Christ in His Deity it is the power of the Holy Spirit that was deployed through His humanity.