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In our verse by verse study of Romans last time we just about finished Rom 5:21; our Expanded Translation so far: "But just as the sin nature has ruled in the sphere of spiritual death, so also the grace of God might rule through imputed righteousness because of eternal life..."
We noted that when God gives us something in time He intends for it to be permanent and to be taken over into eternity. The believers who advance to spiritual maturity in time have amazing blessing in time and receive even greater blessing in eternity.
Blessing in time for the mature believer is parlayed into blessing in eternity. Imputed righteousness is the potential, and the object of the potential must be realized.
The only way that the potential can be achieved is to give something to believers at salvation that makes it permanent. Eternal life is permanent. There was no eternal life in the Garden of Eden or even the potential for eternal life.
"through Jesus Christ our Lord" "dia" (by or through) plus the genitive of "Iesous Christos " plus "ho kurios ego." The literal word-by-word translation is "through Jesus Christ the Lord of us.
The article "ho" (the) makes it monadic. Jesus is the Lord at the moment a person believes in Jesus Christ. Jesus is "the Lord," no matter who that believer is or what they are doing.
"Ego" (our) is in the genitive plural referring to all believers; everyone who has the imputation of God's perfect righteousness forever has Jesus Christ as their Lord forever.
Rom 5:21; Expanded Translation: "But just as the sin nature has ruled in the sphere of spiritual death, so also the grace of God might rule through imputed righteousness because of eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord"
The Lordship of Jesus Christ is accomplished through the imputation of all personal sins to Jesus Christ on the cross and the imputation of God's righteousness to every believer at salvation.
Since Christ is the object of the first judicial imputation of all personal sins it follows that Christ is also the means of the conveyance God's righteousness that is the second judicial imputation. 2Cor 5:21;
Through the real imputation of Adam's sin to its genetically formed home, the OSN, man is born spiritually dead. Through the judicial imputation of the personal sins of the entire human race to Jesus Christ on the cross we not only receive God's righteousness and eternal life but Jesus becomes the Lord of us or our lord.
This brings us to the end of Romans chapter 5 that we started in January our expanded translation of the chapter follows.
Rom 5:1; "Therefore since we have been declared righteous by faith, we have peace and prosperity or in the subjunctive let us have peace and prosperity face to face with the God through our Lord Jesus Christ."
Rom 5:2; "Through whom also we have obtained that access by means of faith into this grace in which we stand, and so let us brag about our confidence in the glory of the God."
Rom 5:3; "And not only this, but also let us boast in adversities: knowing that that pressure (persecution, oppression, trial, affliction and, distressing circumstances) brings about perseverance, courage, honor, and integrity in the pressures of life."
Rom 5:4; "And perseverance (courage under pressure) proven character (demonstrated integrity); and proven character hope (absolute confident expectation of blessing from God's justice)"
Rom 5:5; And the hope never disappoints; because the love of the God has been poured out by the Holy Spirit who was given to us."
Rom 5:6; "Yet in fact, Christ, while we were weak, yet he died at the right time in place of the ungodly."
Rom 5:7; "For only rarely someone may die on behalf of a righteous person; indeed on behalf of a good person someone might even be brave enough to die."
Rom 5:8; "But the God demonstrates his own love to us, in that while we were still sinners, Christ died on behalf of us."
Rom 5:9; "Much more then because we have now been declared righteous by His blood, we will be saved through Him from wrath."
Rom 5:10; "For if, while we were enemies, we were reconciled to God by means of the death of his Son, much more, having been reconciled, we shall be delivered in his life."
Rom 5:11; "And not only this, but also we brag in the God through the Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have now received the reconciliation."
Rom 5:12; "For this reason, just as through one man (Adam) the sin (nature) entered into the world, and the death (spiritual) through the sin (nature); and in this way the death (spiritual) spread to all men, because all sinned (when Adam sinned)."
Rom 5:13; "For until the law the sin nature was in the world, and imputed sin was in the world: but personal sin was not imputed when the law did not exist."
Rom 5:14; "But the spiritual death ruled from Adam to Moses, even over those who had not sinned in the likeness of Adam's transgression, who is a type of Him (Jesus Christ) who was destined to come."
Rom 5:15; But not as that transgression (Adam's original sin), so also is that gracious gift (the work of Christ). For if by the transgression of the one (Adam) the many died (spiritual death), much more the grace of the God, and the gift by grace, by the one man, Jesus Christ, who has provided superabundance for the many (who believe in Jesus Christ).
Rom 5:16; "In fact the gift (Jesus Christ) is not like what occurred through one who sinned: for on the one hand the judicial verdict came by one transgression resulting in condemnation (spiritual death), but on the other hand that gracious gift (the incarnation and the work of Jesus Christ on the cross) was given because of many transgressions, resulting in judicial justification."
Rom 5:17; "For if by the transgression of the one (Adam's original sin) the (spiritual) death ruled through the one (Adam, and it did); much more they who receive in life the surplus of grace (blessing from maturity adjustment), and the gift of righteousness, they shall reign through the one, Jesus Christ."
Rom 5:18; "So therefore as through one transgression (Adam's original sin) was imputed to all mankind resulting in condemnation (for all people), so also through one man's righteous act (Jesus substitutionary work on the cross) God's righteousness is imputed to all mankind resulting in righteousness in this life (for all people).
"Rom 5:19; our "For as through one man's disobedience (Adam's) the many (human race) were set up as sinful (the OSN ruling human life through spiritual death), so also through one man's obedience (Christ) the many shall be set up as righteous (imputation of divine righteousness and subsequent justification)."
Rom 5:20; "Now the law came in as a minor actor to play a minor role, in order that the transgression (of Adam) might be increased (enlarged). But where personal sin increased (in abundance), grace increased in superabundance."
Rom 5:21; "But just as the sin nature has ruled in the sphere of spiritual death, so also the grace of God might rule through imputed righteousness because of eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord"
This brings us to Roman chapter 6. Verse 1 contains a rhetorical question about the old sin nature. The answer to the question is contained in verses 2-14. Verse 15 poses another question about personal sin and the answer to it is in verse 16-23 where the believer's potential for carnality and reversionism are discussed.
Rom 6:1; "What then shall we say?" The nominative neuter singular from the interrogative pronoun "tis" (what), plus the postpositive inferential conjunctive "oun" (then), a particle that is used in the formula question that Paul using is used seven other times in Romans 3:5; 4:1; 6:1; 7:7; 8:31; 9; 14, 30.
So we have "Therefore what." Then we have the future active indicative of the verb "lego" (will we say). The future tense is a deliberative future that is used where a question of uncertainty is raised or expressed.
Here we have a rhetorical question taking the place of a direct assertion. The rhetorical question here is going to introduce a false conclusion in order to set up an explanation for what is actually true.
"Are we continue in sin" from the present active subjunctive from the verb "epimeno" (continue or stay) means to continue, to stay, to remain, to persist in. We will translate it "Are we to continue."
The present tense of duration refers to what started in the past and continues into the present time. The active voice: mankind produces the action of the verb of remaining under the sovereignty of the old sin nature after salvation.
The subjunctive mood is the deliberative subjunctive used in debater's technique for a rhetorical question that states an erroneous assumption in the form of a question.
The purpose is to refute the question so the false doctrine can be replaced by true and accurate doctrine. There is also the locative of sphere from the noun "ho hamartia" the (sin) in the singular with the definite article referring to Adam's original sin combined with the old sin nature that is the predicate for personal sin.
In the plural "hamartia" (sin) refers to actual personal sins. Here it refers to the old sin nature that is Adam's trend along with the definite article used here to specifically refer to the old sin nature's rulership of human life through spiritual death. So we have "Are we to continue in the sovereignty of the sin nature?"
"that grace may abound" -the conjunction "hina" (that) introduces a final purpose clause. Plus the subject, the nominative singular of " ho charis (the grace) with the definite article referring to the previous reference in Rom 5:20,21; that some have distorted into a false conclusion.
Plus the aorist active subjunctive of "pleonazo" (abound, increase, or augment) "in order that the grace of God might increase."
The constantive aorist tense is used for a fact or action extended over a period of time but gathered up into one single entirety the concept of Romans 5:20, 21; that has been deliberately distorted by some to create a false assumption.
The active voice: grace allegedly produces the action of the verb. Since this is a false conclusion it is a false accusation that has been made rather than a fact. The subjunctive mood is the potential subjunctive for a false accusation rather than a fact.
Expanded Translation Rom 6:1; "Therefore what are we to conclude? Are we to continue in the sovereignty of the sin nature in order that the grace of God might increase?"