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In our verse-by-verse study of Romans we are in Rom 8:11; where we had just finished the phrase "He who raised Christ Jesus from the deaths."
The active voice of the verb "egeiro" (raised) the Holy Spirit produces the action of the verb followed by the prepositional phrase "ek" (from) plus "nekros" in the plural.
"Will also give life" is translated from the future active indicative of the verb "zoopoieo" ("zoo" means to be a living thing or being "poieo" means to make or to do) so it literally means to make alive or to give life.
When it is followed by a dative case it means to give life to something if it is followed by the accusative as here, it means to make something alive.
This is a predictive future tense that is describing what is going to happen in the future at the Exit Resurrection. The active voice: the Holy Spirit produces the action of the verb by providing a resurrection body for every Church Age believer.
The indicative mood is declarative for a dogmatic statement of reality. The one who indwells us in time is also going to also give Church Age believers a resurrection body. The adjunctive use of "kai" (and) is translated also" in this case.
"Your mortal bodies" tells us why the Holy Spirit indwells us now, and who provides us a new body at the Exit Resurrection. "Mortal" explains our weakness and that death the cause of our weakness.
The word translated "mortal" is the accusative plural direct object from "thanatos" (death). It is correctly translated "mortal" in the sense of describing the weakness, fragility, and temporary nature of biological life. With the adjective "thanatos" is the plural of the noun "soma" (bodies).
If God the Holy Spirit can sustain us in the devil's world where satan is not only the ruler of this world but the old sin nature is the sovereign of biological life; if He indwells us to sustain, to protect us, to give us capacity for life, to keep us in the perspective of God's grace, and to keep us from arrogance and inordinate ambition, then He must also have a relationship with us in the future when we are no longer in this situation.
"Through His Spirit that dwells in you" is from "dia " (by, by means of or through) plus the ablative means "his Spirit. This wording "dia" (through plus the ablative of "pneuma" (spirit) is an unusual construction.
The ablative voice expresses means but we also have the expression of means accompanied by a reference to its source. Since the Holy Spirit is the source as well as the means this is a very unusual prepositional phrase.
The ablative of source voice always brings in the means. God the Holy Spirit who indwells us is also the one who creates the resurrection body that we will reside in when we stand before the Lord Jesus Christ for our evaluation after our exit resurrection.
Expanded Translation Rom 8:11; "Now if the Spirit from Him (God the Father) who has raised up Jesus from deaths (spiritual and physical) indwells you (and He does), he who raised Christ Jesus from deaths will also make alive your mortal bodies through the agency of his Spirit who resides in you."
The ablitive voice that is used in this verse explains the principle that God the Holy Spirit plays a part in every phase of God's plan for every Church Age believer forever.
Rom 8:12; Starts with a negative approach. For believers who are positive toward doctrine and interested in advancing in God's plan the negative approach is not necessary, but there are some believers who don't seem to ever understand a positive command so it has to be presented to them with a negative.
"Then therefore, brethren, we are debtors." The verse begins with an inferential particle "ara" (then). It is a rare particle designed to impatiently express inference when it is combined with another inferential conjunction. So immediately following it is the more common word "oun" (therefore) that also expresses inference so we have "then therefore."
This rare construction seems to indicate Paul's frustration with how slow some believers were to understand what he was saying.
This is directed to fellow believers who are described as "adelfos" (brothers). It is in the plural so it refers to many believers so it is translated "brethren." It refers to God's entire royal family so it could be legitimately translated as "Royal Family." So we have "consequently, Royal Family."
The royalty of the Lord Jesus Christ explains why there is a Church Age. Jesus is calling out a royal family for Himself. Next is a verb that describes our situation, the present active plural indicative of "eimi" (we are).
The present tense is a progressive present indicating a state of continuous action at the present time. The active voice: God's royal family that is comprised of all Church Age believers produces the action of the verb. The indicative mood represents the verbal action from the viewpoint of reality.
The word that follows will indicate just exactly why a negative command is necessary. The predicate nominative plural indicates that all believers are involved in this designation prior to a negative command.
The designation is the predicate nominative plural from "opheiletes" (indebted or obligated). This doesn't mean that we are in debt to God or that we owe God something.
It is much greater than that. The word "debt" doesn't fit well with the royal family connotation so it really has the connotation of obligation or responsibility. We are debtors only in the sense of obligation or responsibility, and royalty has always had obligation and responsibility because royalty is a privileged class and to whom much is given much is required.
There are certain obligations or responsibilities that go with privilege and high rank and this is what Paul is describing here. We have the highest rank and privilege in life because the moment that we believed in the Lord Jesus Christ we were not simply born again but we were born into God's royal family so we have great obligation and responsibility.
So this opening phrase introduces the negative obligation or responsibility of the Christian that is related to the divorce from the first husband, the OSN and the marriage to Jesus Christ that occurred at salvation through the ministry of the baptism of God the Holy Spirit.
"Not to the flesh or to live after the flesh" the negative adverb "ou" (not) denies the reality of the OSN 's allegation of obligation after the divorce.
This is part of the evil influence of the OSN that resides inside of every believer's biological body that tries to make the case that the believer still has a responsibility to the OSN.
This is a lie because divorce means death, and death means no further obligation on the part of the wife, in this case the believer. The problem with the word "flesh, "sarx", is that we often think of the OSN as only being inside of us and isolated from everything else in life but it is not because the OSN permeates our biological life and demands obligation to it at all times through temptation.
The word "to live" is a present active infinitive from "zao"(to live). "Zao" deals with our life and what we are. It refers to what makes up the real person.
The perfective present tense of "zao" (life) refers to the continuation of the existing results of positional truth from the baptism of the Spirit. The active voice: the believer produces the negative obligation to the OSN and the infinitive of intended results indicates the execution of no obligation to the OSN.
This is also an infinitive in the Greek, with the definite article "ho" (the) with the infinitive forms an Attic Greek idiom. The definite article "ho" is normally translated "the" but as an infinitive it is translated "that" so we have "that we should live." Plus "kata" (according to) "sarx" (flesh), according to the flesh."
Expanded Translation Rom 8:12; "Therefore, brethren, we are NOT obligated to the old sin nature, that we should live according to the old sin nature."
The negative obligation that is used in verse 12 prepares the way for a statement of alternatives that comes in the next verse. Negative obligation implies that we can miss the reason why we continue to live on the earth in the devil's world after salvation so the negative purpose helps to define the positive objectives of the Christian way of life.
The solution to the problem of the old sin nature is found in each stage of God's plan. In phase one, the believer at salvation: retroactive positional truth breaks the power and the authority of the OSN.
In phase two, the believer in time: the experiential power of the OSN as the ex-husband is broken through maturity adjustment to God's justice. That involves two adjustments to God's justice: rebound when necessary and a consistent positive attitude toward Bible doctrine for spiritual advance.
In phase three, at the believer's resurrection: the OSN is eliminated with the new resurrection body, along with the destruction of all evil in the forms of human good and evil at the judgment seat of Christ.
Both carnality and reversionism ignore this negative obligation. Carnality emphasizes the old sin nature's trend toward sin. Carnality is not just the believer's sinning but the sinning believer's failure to rebound. It is failure to utilize God's grace solution for personal sin.
Reversionism is the believer's rejection of God's Word of Truth and subsequent involvement with the evil of human good and evil.
The believer is not obligated to the ex-husband, the OSN, to follow its policy of sin, human good, and evil. Having no obligation to the sin nature as the ex-husband frees the believer to follow the grace policy of the new husband, the Lord Jesus Christ.
The grace policy of the Lord Jesus Christ for the believer in time leads to maturity adjustment to God's justice through the filling ministry of God the Spirit and the daily function of GASP.
Rom 8:13; the alternatives of the Christian way of life. The verse begins with the first alternative that was prohibited in the previous verse. "For if you live according to the flesh."
The first word is the conditional conjunction "ei" (if) that with the indicative mood verb introduces the protasis of a first class condition of "if" that is a supposition from the viewpoint of reality.
The protasis presents a fact that reveals another point of doctrine. It explains that at any given point in time if the believer is under the control of the OSN the believer is either carnal or reversionistic, or both.
The word "gar" (for) is the emphatic use of the conjunctive particle "gar" that means "indeed." Plus the present active indicative of the verb "zao" (live) that refers to living the Christian life in phase two, the life between salvation and biological death.
The retroactive progressive present tense describes what started in the past and continues into the present. In this case, carnality or reversionism, or both. The active voice: the carnal or reversionistic believer produces the action of the verb. The indicative mood is a statement of fact that sets up the protasis of a first class condition of "if." " If and its assumed as true."
Next we have the phrase "kata"(according to) plus the accusative of "sarx" (flesh) so the first phrase is "Indeed, if you live in relationship to the flesh (or, according to the flesh)."
Even better: "under the authority of the old sin nature." This is a first class condition, an assumption made from the viewpoint of reality (and it is assumed that you do). The old sin nature dominates the life of the believer when the believer is either carnal, without rebound and that metastasizes into reversionism in its production of human good and evil.
"You are about to die" the present active indicative of the verb "mello" (destined) is a verb that means to be about to, to be on the point of doing something, to be destined. A good translation is: "you are destined."
For the believer who is negative toward God's Word of Truth, the believer who is careless about the teaching of God's Word of God of Truth, or who wants to emphasize works and the production of human good and evil, this person has a destiny from God.
The present tense is a futuristic present describing the fact that maximum discipline from God in the form of the sin unto death, has not yet happened but is about to happen or it is expected to happen in the very near future.
The active voice: reversionistic believers produce the action of the verb. The indicative mood is declarative representing the action from the viewpoint of reality.