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In our verse by verse study of Romans last time we started Rom 8:34; "Who is the one who condemns?" begins with the interrogative pronoun "tis" (who) the subject is in the nominative case. There is no verb, because the sentence is elliptical so the verb is implied.
The nominative singular definite article "ho" (the one) is used as an intensive pronoun to emphasize the gossiping and maligning believer who sets himself up as a judge. Then we have the present active participle from the compound verb "katakrino" (kata = against; krino = judge) that means to judge against and therefore to condemn.
"Who is the one who condemns?" The aoristic present tense is used for punctiliar action in present time, the moments in time when someone maligns or judges or sets himself up as a judge by gossiping about someone who is also a believer.
The active voice: the carnal or the reversionistic believer produces the action of the verb. The participle is circumstantial, indicating that this occurs throughout the Church Age.
This form of maligning or judging is actually an advance on the previous verse in that it adds to the malicious gossip, maligning or judgment, the statement that the victim could not be a Christian and do such a thing. In reality all Christians are human and when functioning as a reversionist a Christian can do anything that an unbeliever can do.
God's plan is greater than the legalistic opinion of some ignorant carnal or reversionistic believer. The act of declaring a believer not saved blasphemes God because it is an affront to God's perfect plan and God's grace.
It should be understood that our salvation does not depend upon the human opinions or observations of any legalist, or spiritual bully who gossips or maligns. Our salvation depends exclusively on God's work through Jesus Christ that cannot fail and cannot be improved by anyone else.
"Christ Jesus is He who died;" "Christos (Christ) Iesous (Jesus) "ho" (the one) "apothanon" (who died). The nominative subject is "Christos Iesous" so the subject is (Christ Jesus).
It is elliptical and the subject precedes the missing verb that is the implied present active indicative of "eimi" (is). The aorist active participle of the verb "apothnesko" (died) with the article "ho" (who or the one) refers to Christ Jesus' substitutionary spiritual death on the cross.
Jesus' spiritual death was caused by His receiving the judicial imputation of humanity's sins and being judged for them. The definite article "ho" (the one or who) is used as an intensive pronoun to emphasize the identity of Christ as the object of the first judicial imputation of our sins to Jesus Christ. "Christ Jesus is the one who died."
The aorist tense is a constantive aorist that gathers up into one entirety the imputation of all personal sins of the entire human race to Christ Jesus on the cross, and their judgment by the God the Father's justice.
The active voice: Jesus Christ produces the action of the verb by receiving the imputation of our sins and by being judged. The circumstantial participle in the aorist tense refers exclusively to the cross and only to the cross and nowhere else.
It doesn't refer to the physical death of Jesus it only refers to His substitutionary spiritual death. "Who is the one who condemns? Christ Jesus is the one who died."
Too many believers take it upon themselves to condemn others, and not only condemn what other believers are doing but then they imply that a believer cannot do such a thing and be saved. This verse refutes that false allegation.
We see from this that since Christ Jesus was the one who was condemned for our sins no one else has the right to condemn us. Personal sin is not an issue in condemnation from God's justice Spiritual death from Adam's original sin is the only issue.
Adam's original sin is the issue because of the real imputation of spiritual death at biological birth. Personal sin is not the issue in salvation because Christ Jesus received the judicial imputation for and paid the penalty for all of our personal sins on the cross.
That means that if someone makes an issue out of someone else's personal sins the accuser is the one who is sinning by blaspheming God as well as committing the personal sins of gossip, maligning, judging.
Maligning, judging or gossiping is an advance on the previous verse because of the added implication of the idea that a believer cannot be born again and commit certain sins that is a legalistic lie.
The condemnation of pronouncing some believer not saved because of some specific personal sin, alleged or real, challenges God's plan because it implies that Jesus Christ's work on the cross was insufficient.
Salvation does not depend on human activity or opinion it depends upon the Lord Jesus Christ being judged for our sins. Since all personal sins in human history were judged at the cross there is no sin any believer can commit that cancels his salvation.
To imply or to state that a believer can lose his salvation because of some sin is the epitome of legalism and self-righteous arrogance. Arrogance because it is sets one's self up as a judge; legalism because it implies that acquiring and maintaining salvation is a product of something believers do or don't do.
God's plan is far greater than the worst sin ever committed by any believer. The sins of the believer are subject to God's punishment and discipline but it does not include loss of salvation because as a gift from God salvation is irrevocable.
The saving work of Jesus Christ on the cross is greater than any sin, any good, and evil that the carnal or reversionistic believer is capable of doing.
This legalistic condemnation of others also ignores that salvation is based on imputations from God's justice. It also ignores the fact that the point of reference for the human race is God's justice not God's love.
"Yes rather who was raised" is the comparative adverb "malla" (more or rather) combined with the conjunctive particle "de" (but) that introduces a thought or a doctrinal principle that is additional "Yes more or yes rather."
Plus the aorist passive participle of the verb "egeiro" (raised), "who has been raised," that implies being raised "from the dead."
This is another culminative aorist tense that views the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead in its entirety but regards it from the viewpoint the existing results of the ascension and session that is the basis for the formation of the church as God's royal family.
The passive voice; Jesus Christ was raised from the dead by the power of God the Father as well as God the Holy Spirit. Col 2:12; 1Thes 1:10; 1Peter 1:21; Acts 2:24; Rom 1:4; Rom 8:11; 1Pet 3:18.
This is a circumstantial participle that references the resurrection of the Lord Jesus Christ, making Him the "firstfruit" of all who sleep." The fact that Christ has been resurrected also indicates that He will evaluate and judge, all believers of the Church Age at the judgment seat of Christ as described in Rom 14:10.
Rom 8:34;"Who is at the right hand of God" The nominative singular relative pronoun "hos" (who) referring to Christ Jesus from the previous phrase then "eimi" (to be), in the present active indicative mood.
The present tense is a descriptive present for what is happening now. It can also be a retroactive progressive present to refer to what started in the past and continues into the present referring to the session of the Lord Jesus Christ at the Father's right hand.
The active voice: Jesus Christ produces the action of the verb. It is the Lord Jesus Christ who after His resurrection ascended to heaven and who has been seated at the right hand of the Father. The indicative mood is declarative for a dogmatic statement of doctrinal reality.
This is the reason for the interruption of the Jewish age and the insertion the Church Age. The Church Age is the dispensation for the creation of God's royal family and every believer in the Church Age is totally unique when compared to all believers in past and all believers in the future.
Next we have the prepositional phrase, "en" (in) with the locative of "dexios"(right) and then the descriptive genitive singular from "ho Theos" (of the God). So we have at the right or right hand of God the Father where the Lord Jesus Christ presently is.
Every Church Age believer is in union with Christ. The acceptance of Christ in heaven after the resurrection also indicates the acceptance of every Church Age believer in heaven as members of God's royal family.
That means that regardless of criticism and judgment from any person on the earth in time God in heaven has already accepted every church age believer. Eph 1:6-10;
Rom 8:34; "Who also intercedes for us" from the nominative singular of the relative pronoun "hos" (who) that is the subject again referring to Christ Jesus. Plus the adjunctive use of the conjunction "kai" (also), providing an additional fact that is related to the situation as part of the subject.
The present active indicative of "entugchano"(intercedes) that means to make intercession, to petition, or to approach someone with a complaint, as in Acts 15:24; and Rom 11:2.
Rom 8:34; This is the intercessory ministry of our Lord Jesus Christ as described in Heb7: 25. The present tense is retroactive progressive present describing what has begun in the past and continues into the present time.
When Christ was seated the right hand of the Father He began a ministry that has continued for almost 2000 years. The active voice: Jesus Christ, the great high priest produces the action.
The declarative indicative mood describes the reality of the fact that Jesus Christ prays constantly for us. "Entugchano" (intercession) also means to approach, to appeal to someone, or to petition. All are functions of a lawyer in court.
This is compatible with our Lord's function in 1John 2:1. This means not only intercession, but it also means that Jesus Christ as a lawyer approaches the bench on our behalf. "On behalf of us" is from "huper" (for or on behalf of) plus the genitive plural of the pronoun "hemon" (us).
We see here that Jesus Christ is our defense attorney who intercedes for us in heaven so no one has the right to judge us and if they do they are actually opposing Jesus Christ who intercedes for us.
The point is that this is the function of a lawyer who approaches the bench on behalf of His clients and who petitions on behalf of His clients.
Jesus Christ approaches the throne of God as our defense attorney. God the Father has retained Him as our attorney and every time we sin satan and sometimes other believers accuse us, and Jesus intercedes on our behalf.
Expanded Translation Rom 8:34; "Who is the one who condemns? Christ Jesus is the one having died, yes rather, having been raised, who is at the right hand of God, who also intercedes for us."