https://youtu.be/yY04m2HoTfU
In our study of Romans we are in Rom 9:23; at the phrase translated "riches of his glory" that describes the imputation of God's blessing to the mature believer who has inculcated the thinking of Christ into their thinking.
God's judicial righteousness is imputed to all believers at salvation but that is only the potential for extreme wealth. Until there is capacity in the believer's soul from the inculcation of doctrinal truth that is the mind of Christ it remains a potential.
Imputed judicial righteous, union with Christ, and the filling of God the Holy Spirit is potential spiritual power. God's Word of Truth resident and circulating in the believer's soul transforms that potential spiritual power into kinetic power that is active spiritual power. Heb 4:12; 2Tim 2:15; 2Tim 3:16-17;
Rom 9:23; Next is the preposition "epi" (on or upon) plus the accusative from "skeuos" (vessels). Then we have the descriptive genitive from "eleos" (mercy) mercy is grace in action.
God's justice imputes blessing to God's judicial righteousness that is grace in action, and "mercy" here actually refers to the imputation of God's blessing to the mature believer who has capacity.
This is an anarthrous construction so there is no definite article here that indicates the highest quality of the vessel so this refers to the mature believer who has capacity in the soul from thinking the absolute truth of God's Word that is the thinking of Christ.
With the accusative neuter plural from the relative pronoun "hos" (which, that, or whom) with the aorist active indicative from the compound verb "proetoimazo" ([pro = before; etoimazo = prepare so it means to pre-prepare, prepare in advance, or ahead of time).
This explains that God knew in eternity past every thought, decision, and action that every believer would ever make and He entered those decisions into His decree and at the same time He entered the logistical support that would be necessary to accomplish those decisions into His decree. The constantive aorist tense gathers this entire process into the action of the verb.
This is the momentary action of God's omniscience feeding the facts about the believer into God's decree resulting in the printout in human history. The active voice describes God's decree as producing the action of the verb in eternity past when God provided every believer with everything that they would need to fulfill His plan.
The indicative mood is declarative so it describes the action of the verb from the viewpoint of absolute reality. With this is a prepositional phrase, "eis" (for) "doca" (glory).
This prepositional phrase "for glory" stands out in clear contrast to the prepositional phrase "for destruction" for the unbeliever at the end of verse 22. "For glory" describes the opposite situation for believers in Jesus Christ.
Expanded Translation Rom 9:23; "And in order that he might make known the riches of His glory on vessels of mercy, which he previously prepared for glory."
Only believers in Jesus Christ are vessels of mercy and only vessels of mercy are qualified have the potential for glory. The qualified believer is the one who learns God's Word of Truth.
The riches of glory includes blessings in time to God's imputed judicial righteousness that is combined with capacity from the reality of doctrinal truth that God has created as the target for His grace in the believer's soul.
The imputation of direct blessing from God to the believer in time also establishes an a fortiori for eternal blessings for the believer that are imputed to the believer's resurrection body at the believer's evaluation by the Lord Jesus Christ after the exit resurrection.
While God has provided many incredible things for the believer as a vessel of mercy the unbeliever or vessel of wrath has created his own miserable destiny from his own negative free volitional decision to reject God and Jesus Christ.
In the Greek having a protasis without an apodosis emphasizes the Jews who are the genetic descendants of Abraham but they do not believe in Jesus Christ so they are vessels of wrath. On the other hand the Jews who believe in Jesus Christ become vessels of mercy who are prepared for glory from eternity past.
The contrast between being "for destruction" and "for glory "explains the burden that Paul has for the Jews who are his countrymen. Instead of depending on Jesus Christ for salvation his contemporary Jewish friends and relatives were depending on keeping the law combined with the fact that they were genetically related to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.
We see here that the Jew without Jesus Christ makes himself into a vessel of wrath that is prepared for destruction by his own negative volition. In eternity past God prepared God's blessing that is described as the riches of glory only for believers like Abraham, Moses, Peter, James, John, and Paul.
There is no direct blessing from God, only cursing from God, for the Jews who reject Jesus Christ as savior because as an unbeliever they are just like the Pharaoh of Egypt who is also a vessel of wrath prepared for destruction.
God originated the Jewish race for His glory but racial Jews missed out on God's purpose by their rejection of God's Shekinah glory, Jesus Christ.
Rom 9:24; identifies of the vessels of mercy. It begins with the masculine accusative plural from the relative pronoun "hos" (whom) whose antecedent is "vessel" with the conjunction "kai" (also).
The English word "even" in the NASB and all other English translations I looked at is not in the Greek.
Followed by "kaleo" (He called) with the accusative plural of first person personal pronoun "hemas" (us).
"Us" is a reference to all believers who in verse 23 are classified as vessels of mercy in contrast to the unbeliever who is classified as a vessel of destruction in verse 22. The plural is for all believers of the Church Age during the dispensation of God's royal family so it includes Jews and Gentiles. Gal 3:28;
Rom 9:24; "Kaleo" (He called) that is in the aorist tense, active voice, indicative mood is one of the verbs for the doctrine of election. It also is related to the doctrine of God's decree.
The constantive aorist tense views the action of the verb in its entirety so it describes the formation of believers in the category of election in the printout of God's decree.
So far we have (whom he also has elected). The active voice explains that God produced the action of the verb in eternity past when His omniscience knew everyone who would believe in the Lord Jesus Christ. The indicative mood is a dogmatic statement of doctrinal reality. The word refers to both God's decree and its printout of election.
The printout of believers includes election that applies to every human free agent who would exercise non-meritorious free positive volition at God-consciousness and gospel hearing.
Omniscience knows everything so God knew everyone who would believe in Jesus Christ and they were fed into God's decree as called, elected and foreordained.
That means the election is the printout of every believer in Jesus Christ for the entire duration of human history in the devil's world.
Next we have the objective negative "ou" (not) plus the neuter "monon" (only or alone) as a limiting adverb that is translated (not only) with the preposition "ek" (from or out of) plus the ablative plural from "Ioudaios" (Jews) that is translated in the NASB (not from among the Jews only).
With the adversative conjunction "alla" (but) that indicates that this principle is not limited to any particular race, it includes the entire human race, in contrast to the Jews; then the adjunctive use of the conjunction "kai" (also) with "ek" (from or out of) with the ablative plural of "ethnos" (Gentiles).
Expanded Translation Rom 9:24; "Whom also he has elected, not only out of Jews, but also out of Gentiles."
I like "ek" translated as "out of" in this verse better than "from" because this is God creating a spiritually alive new spiritual species out of the spiritually dead biological human race on the basis of faith in Jesus Christ.
This tells us that the vessels of mercy include both Jews and Gentiles who are born again through faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. The context deals with a principle that only those Jews who believe in Jesus Christ will be the recipients of God's promises to Israel because the promises only apply to the spiritual seed of Abraham who receive God's judicial righteousness and eternal life at e imputed at salvation.
In the dispensation of Israel many Jews and also many Gentiles executed salvation adjustment to God's justice by believing in the Lord God that was how they perceived Jesus Christ. But many also went through the great blackout whereby you can actually erase from the thinking the implications of Jesus' first advent.
In these three verses the protasis of the first class condition is presented but there is no corresponding apodosis. The missing apodosis can only mean one thing.
After Paul's three verse protasis if a Jew fills in the apodosis in his thinking he cannot do anything but to believe in Jesus Christ. But of he refuses to finish the sentence by believing in Jesus Christ he becomes a victim of the great blackout that erases the implications of Jesus' first advent from his thinking.
The ellipsis also indicates Paul's emotional involvement with the Jews because Paul had a great burden for the Jews.
Instead of the apodosis Paul immediately starts quoting from the TANAKH to document his point. He uses the protasis of a first class condition and then skips the apodosis because if you are following the protasis the Jewish unbeliever has to make his own decision to believe in Jesus Christ.
If he believes he will fill in the apodosis by believing in Jesus Christ; if he does not believe he rejects Jesus Christ as savior and because of the blackout he never will so Paul goes right on into documentation from the TANAKH to use the scripture that the Jews regarded as sacred to establish his point.
Along with the elect remnant of Israel God's purpose was to also call out and elect a group of Gentiles as a people for His name. So this is not wasted on the Gentiles because a Gentile can also follow the reasoning here and fill in the blank by believing in Jesus Christ or to also refuse to.
To fill in the blank as a Gentile you believe in Jesus Christ, but if as a Gentile you reject Jesus Christ then you also do not complete the sentence. So he says, at the end of the protasis that this is for both the Jew and the Gentile,
One of the responsibilities of Israel as a priest to God was to function as missionaries to the Gentiles with the result that in every generation of the dispensation of Israel Gentiles were saved.
Seeing the Jewish animal sacrifices, the function of the Jewish Levitical priesthood, and the Holy Day observance made sense to them so they also believed.
Understanding Paul's great protasis in the first class condition through Jewish symbols saved Gentiles. Paul as an apostle to the Gentiles continues this function in the Church Age indicating once again that this is for the Jews and for the Gentiles.
In fact, shortly after Paul's death the Jewish nation of Judea was no longer to serve as a client nation to God but would be punished with the fifth cycle of discipline that introduced the times of the Gentiles.
The first Gentile nation would be the Roman Empire so Paul was a transitional person. In the times of the Gentiles only Gentile nations can qualify as a client nation to God. No Jewish nation will serve as a priest or client nation until the Millennium after the second advent of Jesus Christ.
Paul is the last and greatest of all the Jewish missionaries. He became the missionary to the Gentiles as part of God's preparation for the times of the Gentiles.